Introduction
As Indian PhD scholars strive to publish their work, the pressure to meet deadlines often leads them to opt for paid journals. While many reputable journals charge an Article Processing Charge (APC) for open access publishing, a growing number of scams have emerged, taking advantage of inexperienced researchers. These scams not only waste money but can also damage academic credibility. Understanding how to avoid these traps is essential for every scholar.
The Rise of Predatory Publishing
Predatory publishing has become a global concern. These journals exploit the need for academic publishing by promising quick acceptance, minimal peer review, and guaranteed publication—often in exchange for high fees. They lack transparency, do not follow ethical review processes, and frequently disappear after collecting payments.
In India, many young researchers fall into this trap due to the urgent need to publish for thesis submission, promotions, or academic recognition. Without proper awareness, a payment meant for genuine publication can result in loss of credibility.
Common Signs of a Scam Journal
Before paying any fees, researchers must know how to identify red flags:
- Unrealistic Timelines
Journals that promise peer-reviewed publication in 3–5 days are most likely fake. Proper peer review takes several weeks.
- No Proper Editorial Board
If the journal’s editorial board is missing, vague, or filled with unfamiliar names, it’s a warning sign. Reputed journals list credible academics from recognized institutions.
- Poor Website Design and Grammar
Unprofessional websites with spelling mistakes, broken links, or unclear submission guidelines indicate a lack of seriousness.
- No Indexing in Recognized Databases
Many scam journals falsely claim indexing. Always verify through official databases like UGC-CARE, Scopus, or Web of Science (without clicking links provided by the journal).
- Lack of Peer Review Process
A journal that skips review or accepts a paper without changes is not genuine. Peer review is a cornerstone of academic publishing.
- Generic or Misleading Journal Names
Some predatory journals copy names of reputed ones by adding words like “International” or “Advanced.” Always check for subtle differences.
- Pressure to Pay Immediately
Demands for immediate payment or excessive follow-up for fees without confirmation of acceptance should raise alarms.
How to Safely Pay for Journal Publication
If you’re submitting to a legitimate paid journal, follow these precautions to avoid scams:
- Do Thorough Background Research
Check if the journal is listed in UGC-CARE, Scopus, or Web of Science. Confirm its publisher and look for its ISSN number.
- Seek Guidance from Peers or Supervisors
Talk to your research guide, colleagues, or university librarian. They may have previous experience with the journal.
- Read Previous Issues
Look at previously published papers to assess the journal’s quality, topics covered, and author profiles. A lack of consistency is a red flag.
- Check Payment Policies
A legitimate journal clearly states the APC, payment methods, refund policies, and invoice process. Avoid journals that only accept payment via personal accounts or unknown wallets.
- Use Official Payment Channels
Always pay through the journal’s official portal or bank transfer details mentioned on their official website. Avoid third-party links or email-based payment instructions.
- Keep All Documentation
Save emails, receipts, payment confirmation, and acceptance letters. If a dispute arises, this documentation may help recover funds or report fraud.
Trustworthy Practices to Build
Many Indian institutions now encourage researchers to take a more cautious approach.
You can build better judgment through the following:
- Attend Workshops on Academic Publishing
These sessions provide awareness on predatory journals, indexing systems, and ethical publication practices.
- Maintain a List of Safe Journals in Your Field
Keep track of reputed journals in your domain. Many departments circulate approved journal lists internally.
- Use Tools for Journal Evaluation
Instead of relying on journal websites, use multiple sources to cross-verify a journal’s status, such as university portals or indexing search engines.
A Cultural Note for Indian Researchers
In India, it’s common for researchers to face systemic pressure for quick publication, sometimes with little training on publication ethics. This makes the community particularly vulnerable to predatory publishing scams. Avoiding scams requires a shift in approach: from focusing on speed to focusing on quality.
Research supervisors, institutions, and peer networks must actively guide scholars in distinguishing between legitimate paid journals and fraudulent ones. A small delay in publication is better than losing money or risking your academic reputation.
Conclusion
Paying for publication is not inherently wrong—many high-quality journals charge a fee for open-access publishing. However, falling into the trap of scam journals can have long-term consequences. Indian PhD scholars must be vigilant, verify before paying, and avoid shortcuts.
Scams thrive where there is haste and lack of information. A careful review of the journal’s editorial policies, indexing, peer review process, and transparency can prevent most publishing mishaps. With awareness and guidance, researchers can invest their efforts and funds in journals that truly value and validate their scholarly work.