Introduction
In academic writing, especially in the Indian context, the role of a hypothesis often becomes a point of confusion for new scholars. Many PhD students and early-career researchers wonder whether every research article needs to include a hypothesis, or whether it’s optional depending on the study type. Understanding the function of a hypothesis—and when it is essential—can help researchers avoid common errors in structuring their articles.
This blog explores the nuances of using hypotheses in research articles, particularly in the context of Indian academia and journal publishing. It will help you make informed decisions about when and how to include one.
Understanding What a Hypothesis Is
A hypothesis is a tentative statement that predicts a relationship between variables. It’s generally written before data collection begins and serves as a guide for empirical testing. In experimental and quantitative research, hypotheses are often central—they inform the design, statistical testing, and interpretation of results.
However, in qualitative or exploratory studies, the focus may not be on hypothesis testing but on theory-building, thematic understanding, or narrative explanation. In such cases, the research may instead begin with research questions, theoretical frameworks, or general assumptions.
Discipline and Methodology Matter
Whether a hypothesis is expected depends greatly on your academic discipline and methodology. In Indian engineering, medical, pharmaceutical, and natural science journals, hypotheses are typically required, especially if the research involves statistical analysis. Journals in education, social work, or the humanities may allow more flexible formats, especially when using qualitative or interpretive approaches.
It’s important to carefully study the journal’s aims and scope, as well as its recent published articles. Indian journals, especially UGC-CARE and Scopus-listed ones, often follow global expectations in terms of structure, even if the cultural context of research is Indian.
When Hypotheses Strengthen a Paper
There are situations where including a hypothesis—even if not strictly necessary—can enhance the clarity and rigour of your article. Hypotheses help the reader understand what relationships you expected to test and why. They also guide your data interpretation by providing a benchmark.
For example, if you are exploring the impact of online learning on undergraduate academic performance, a hypothesis like “Online learning has a significant positive impact on undergraduate academic performance” clarifies both your focus and your expected outcome. This makes your paper easier to evaluate, replicate, or cite.
Including hypotheses also signals to the editor and reviewers that your study is systematic and well thought-out. This is especially important for Indian scholars submitting to competitive journals where structure, logic, and clarity are closely scrutinised.
When Hypotheses Are Not Needed
Not all research articles require a hypothesis. If you are conducting exploratory research, such as a grounded theory study or a phenomenological investigation, a hypothesis may not be appropriate. In such cases, you may begin with open-ended research questions or conceptual frameworks that emerge during the study.
Even some quantitative articles—like descriptive surveys—may not use hypotheses if they are not testing a relationship or difference. Instead, they focus on documenting existing trends, frequencies, or perceptions.
For instance, a study that maps mental health resources across rural Telangana does not need a hypothesis, as it’s primarily descriptive. However, if the study compares mental health access between urban and rural areas, a hypothesis becomes relevant.
The key is that your article’s structure should reflect its goal. Forcing a hypothesis where it doesn’t fit can confuse reviewers and weaken your argument.
Journal Guidelines and Peer Expectations
Before submitting your paper, always review the journal’s submission guidelines. Many Indian and international journals specify whether a hypothesis is required. If the guidelines are silent, you can infer expectations by analysing recent articles from the same journal.
It’s also wise to discuss the use of hypotheses with your supervisor or co-author. In Indian academia, expectations can vary widely even within the same field. Senior researchers or experienced mentors often know what works best for particular journals or conferences.
Moreover, if you’re publishing from a thesis chapter, remember that thesis writing in India typically includes hypotheses, but journal articles distilled from theses may omit them or convert them into objectives or research questions.
Conclusion
Should you include a hypothesis in every research article? The answer depends on your research type, discipline, and journal. While hypotheses are central to experimental and quantitative studies, they may not be necessary—or even appropriate—for exploratory or qualitative work. Indian scholars must make informed choices based on methodology, journal expectations, and academic guidance. Rather than following a rigid template, focus on aligning your article’s structure with its research aims. A well-considered decision about using a hypothesis can enhance both your writing and your chances of publication.